Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: From nanoparticles to technology

The aim of this review article on recent developments of mechanochemistry (nowadays established as a part of chemistry) is to provide a comprehensive overview of advances achieved in the field of atomistic processes, phase transformations, simple and multicomponent nanosystems and peculiarities of mechanochemical reactions. Industrial aspects with successful penetration into fields like materials engineering, heterogeneous catalysis and extractive metallurgy are also reviewed. The hallmarks of mechanochemistry include influencing reactivity of solids by the presence of solid-state defects, interphases and relaxation phenomena, enabling processes to take place under non-equilibrium conditions, creating a well-crystallized core of nanoparticles with disordered near-surface shell regions and performing simple dry time-convenient one-step syntheses. Underlying these hallmarks are technological consequences like preparing new nanomaterials with the desired properties or producing these materials in a reproducible way with high yield and under simple and easy operating conditions. The last but not least hallmark is enabling work under environmentally friendly and essentially waste-free conditions (822 references).Slovak Grant Agency VEGA 2/0009/11, 2/0043/11Slovak Agency for Science and Development APVV VV-0189-10, VV-0528-11Russian Foundation for Basic Research 10-03-00942a, 12-03-00651aMinistry of Science and Higher education in Poland CUT/c-1/DS/KWC/2008-2012, PB1T09B02330, NN209145136, NN20914893

Effects of Ru Addition on the Superconducting Properties of the Eu-123 System

Effects of the Ru addition on the structural and superconducting properties of the Eu-123 system were studied. Samples of the nominal composition $EuBa₂Cu_{3-x}Ru_{x}O_{7-δ}$ with x ranging from 0.0 to 0.7 were prepared by the solid state reaction technique from Eu₂O₃, BaCO₃, CuO and RuO₂ precursors at the temperature of 1050°C for 72 h in flowing oxygen and oxygen-annealed at 580°C for 24 h. X-ray diffraction data show the presence of another Ba-Eu-Ru-O phase, for x ≥ 0.03, in addition to the main superconducting phase. AC and DC magnetization characteristics were measured by the compensation method using the second-order SQUID gradiometer at ≈ 77 K and the QD SQUID magnetometer MPMS XL-7 at 20 K. The superconducting properties, $T_{c}$, $ΔT_{c}$, change only weakly up to x = 0.2, and magnetization M(H) deteriorates with an increasing Ru content

Magnetic Properties of V2O3V_{2}O_{3} Nanooxide Prepared Mechanochemically With and Without Salt Matrix

We present a new technological route of synthesis of $V_{2}O_{3}$ nanocrystals based on mechanochemical reduction of $V_{2}O_{5}$ with $Na_{2}SO_{3}$ as a reductant, followed by low temperature vacuum annealing. The structural and magnetic properties of the $V_{2}O_{3}$ nanocrystals were studied

Magnetic Studies of EuBa2Cu3−xRuxO7−δEuBa₂Cu_{3-x}RuₓO_{7-δ} Compounds

Effects of Ru addition on magnetic properties of $EuBa₂Cu_{3-x}RuₓO_{7-δ}$ compounds were studied. Samples of $EuBa₂Cu_{3-x}RuₓO_{7-δ}$ with x from 0.00 to 0.70 were prepared by the solid state reaction technique from Eu₂O₃, BaCO₃, CuO and RuO₂ precursors. Temperature dependences of the zero-field cooled (ZFC) and the field cooled (FC) DC magnetic moment at low and high applied magnetic field Hₐ were measured by the QD SQUID magnetometer MPMS XL-7 and AC magnetization $M_{AC}(H)$ curves at 77 K by the compensation method using the second-order SQUID gradiometer. The molar susceptibility χ of the samples was corrected to the effects of the sample holder and diamagnetism and χ* also was corrected to the temperature independent paramagnetic/diamagnetic contribution $χ^{TN}$ and fitted by the Curie-Weiss relation. The values of the Weiss temperature and the effective magnetic moment have been estimated at low and high value of applied magnetic field

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: From nanoparticles to technology

The aim of this review article on recent developments of mechanochemistry (nowadays established as a part of chemistry) is to provide a comprehensive overview of advances achieved in the field of atomistic processes, phase transformations, simple and multicomponent nanosystems and peculiarities of mechanochemical reactions. Industrial aspects with successful penetration into fields like materials engineering, heterogeneous catalysis and extractive metallurgy are also reviewed. The hallmarks of mechanochemistry include influencing reactivity of solids by the presence of solid-state defects, interphases and relaxation phenomena, enabling processes to take place under non-equilibrium conditions, creating a well-crystallized core of nanoparticles with disordered near-surface shell regions and performing simple dry time-convenient one-step syntheses. Underlying these hallmarks are technological consequences like preparing new nanomaterials with the desired properties or producing these materials in a reproducible way with high yield and under simple and easy operating conditions. The last but not least hallmark is enabling work under environmentally friendly and essentially waste-free conditions (822 references). © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Peer Reviewe